Mirages and Choppers: SAAF in the 60s and 70s

Mirages and Choppers SAAF in the The Sixties and Seventies

In the early sixties South Africa’s deteriorating security position resulted in Government to take steps towards re-armanent. The SAAF’s arsenal was strengthened.

Line-up of SAAF aircraft in 60s livery: Mirage III CZ and EZ, Canberras, Buccaneers and F86s

The first Dassault-Breguet Mirage III CS fighter aircraft arrived in South Africa in April 1963 to replace the aging sub-sonic F86s and Vampires

One of the earliest customers for the Mirage, South Africa, initially ordered 16 III Cs for low-level strike duties. These aircraft served with No. 2 Squadron of the South African Air Force and could carry the Nord AS.20 air-to-ground missile. Three Mirage III BZ trainers were also ordered.

Subsequently, 16 Mirage III Es were ordered, these served with the SAAF's No. 3 Squadron; the service also had three Mirage III D two-seaters for training on the III E variant. 

Four Mirage IIIR/IIIRD aircraft were bought for photo-reconnaissance duties.

Differences between CZ and EZ (other than propulsion)

In June 1967, the name "Mirage" literally shot into prominence through newspaper headlines around the world. Israel's new Mirages were the spearhead of attack by the Israel Defence Force/Air Force in what has come to be known as the "Six-Day War". In capable hands, the French-produced Mirage proved what hitherto had been understood by knowledgeable aircraft engineers and military aviation specialists; in its class, the Mirage was and is par excellence. No military aircraft of the 1970s, emanating from Western Europe, including the United Kingdom, has a bigger or better reputation than  Dassault's Mirage.

RZ showing the phot-reconaissance gear

 Other aircraft aquired in the sixties and seventies included:

• Canberra light bombers

• Buccaneer S Mk 50 strike aircraft

• Lockheed C-130B Hercules 

• Transall C-160Z medium transport aircraft  

During the sixties new types of helicopters were also introduced, including the

Alouette II 

Alouette  III light helicopter

SA 330C Puma

A 32 IL Super Frelon medium transport helicopter 

Westland Wasp light anti-submarine helicopter.

More about the Mirage III and the Cheetah Project (click to follow link)

Flying Cheetahs: De Havilland Vampire in the SAAF

Flying Cheetahs III: 

De Havilland Vampire in the SAAF I

Serial no 277 The Only Airworthy Vampire in SA

When  2 Sq returned to South Africa they were equipped with the Vampire, but in 1956 they received the Sabre Mk6. Conversion to the new Mirage III occurred in 1963 and the squadron moved to AFB Hoedspruit at the end of 1978. They continued to fly the Mirages until October 1990 when they re-equipped with the Atlas Cheetah.

The fifties saw the delivery and retirement of various aircraft types in the SAAF:

• Spitfires were phased out in 1954 and the Short Sunderland’s in 1957. 
• Eight Avro Shackleton Mk IIIs were delivered in 1957 for maritime patrol duties with 35 Sqn. 
• The remaining Venturas from the maritime units were transferred to 35 Sqn before being finally retired in 1959/60. 
• The new F-86F Sabre (ground attack version) for 1 and 2 Sqn arrived during 1956 and by 1957 each squadron had 16 Sabres, 12 Vampires and 12 Harvard’s on strength.

A single Gloster Meteor III had been in South Africa from 1946-1948 and many SAAF pilots had flown it, when the choice of the first service jet fighter was made, the DH.100 Vampire FB.Mk.5 was selected.

The Mk.5 is a simple, sturdy and agile jet fighter, and a stable weapons platform for air to ground operations. When fitted with long range tanks  it could fly from Pretoria to Cape Town non-stop. Several Vampires set up new records doing that.

Serial 208 Finished in markings of No 1 Squadron

The SAAF Vampires were armed with four 20mm Hispano cannon in  the nose. The Spitfires sported two 20mm cannons and two 50 cal MGs. It could carry eight 3 inch rockets mounted on rails, and had hard points  two 500 lb or 250 lb bombs.

Initially 10 FB5 Vampires aircraft were ordered from de Havilland in 1947 ; and staff sent to the UK for training. The Watertkloof AFB runway was extended to accommodate the Vampires.
The first five Vampires arrived in Cape Town by sea in 1950 and were road freighted to Ysterplaat AFB for assembly.

Serial numbers assigned were 201 to 210, numbers which had previously been used on a batch of DH.4s in 1920 and later on the Hawker Furies in the WWII era.

242 Now at Thunder City, Cape Town

202 was the first to complete ground tests flew on 6 February 1950. On 8 February the aircraft was moved to Fisantekraal, which had longer hard surface runways where five SAAF pilots had their baptism on the new aircraft. They were Major Krummeck, Captains Davis, Odendaal and Lt’s Cooke and Pretorius. They made their first flights on the 8th February.

277 at Swartkops

On 18 February the aircraft were demonstrated to the Minister of Defence, and other MP’s at Brooklyn with 202 being the aircraft flown. Four of the aircraft were flown to Bloemspruit on their ferry flight to Waterkloof AS on 3 March. Pilots were Maj Krummeck, Capt Odendaal, Lt Cooke and Lt Pretorius. ‘Tank’ Odendaal, (so named for his tank-busting role in WWII) who had the unpleasant experience of explosive decompression at 30,000 ft over Sutherland when his canopy shattered. This was to be a recurring problem with Vampires.

FB 6s arrived in August 1951, ( Serial 211 to 220 ) Mk IIs in 1952 and from 1953 other marques.(221-226, and other serials following) FB9s (FB52s) in 1953 (227 to 256) and T55s from 1954.

The T55 was the last operational Vampire to be flown in SA (257 to 277) at TFDC (Test Flight and Development Centre)